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xDFPAD: Explainable Tabular Deep Learning for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection

The security of the fingerprint authentication system is compromised when it is exposed to presentation attacks (PAs). To detect these PAs under any attack conditions, an efficient fingerprint presentation attack detection (FPAD) technique is required. We developed an explainable deep learning-based FPAD (xDFPAD) method to prevent any possible PAs using any novel presentation attack instrument (PAI).